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Visceral Adiposity and Glucoregulatory Peptides are Associated with Susceptibility to Type 2 Diabetes: The TOFI_Asia Study
Author(s) -
Sequeira Ivana Roosevelt,
Yip Wilson,
Lu Louise,
Jiang Yannan,
Murphy Rinki,
Plank Lindsay,
Zhang Shaoping,
Liu Hong,
Chuang ChiaLin,
VazhoorAmarsingh Greeshma,
Cooper Garth,
Poppitt Sally
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
obesity
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.438
H-Index - 199
eISSN - 1930-739X
pISSN - 1930-7381
DOI - 10.1002/oby.22994
Subject(s) - medicine , adiponectin , endocrinology , adipose tissue , type 2 diabetes , insulin resistance , overweight , diabetes mellitus , obesity , body mass index , intra abdominal fat , waist , homeostatic model assessment , visceral fat
Objective Ethnic differences in fat deposition contribute to type 2 diabetes (T2D). Identification of biomarkers that underpin dysglycemia are needed for better‐targeted prevention and treatment. Methods The cross‐sectional thin‐on‐the‐outside‐fat‐on‐the‐inside (TOFI)_Asia study investigated adipose depots and clinical biomarkers as predictors of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and insulin resistance (IR; assessed using the updated homeostatic model assessment of IR) in lean and overweight normo‐ and dysglycemic Chinese ( n = 199) and Caucasian ( n = 158) individuals. Multivariate least‐angle regression models were used to identify predictors of FPG and IR. Results At similar age and BMI, Chinese individuals had lower body weight but had a greater percentage of total abdominal adipose tissue and a greater percentage of total visceral adipose tissue (VAT) (all P < 0.005). In Chinese individuals, FPG, hemoglobin A 1c , fasting insulin, and triglycerides were higher, whereas HDL cholesterol and total and high‐molecular‐weight adiponectin levels were lower (all P < 0.0001). Raised liver enzyme and peptide concentrations ( P < 0.02) were consistent with increased T2D risk. Lean Chinese women (<25 kg/m 2 ) had greater total abdominal adipose tissue (kilograms) and VAT (kilograms) than Caucasian women, exhibiting the TOFI profile, with raised FPG ( P < 0.001) and IR ( P = 0.01). Risk factors for elevated FPG specific to Chinese individuals included male gender, VAT, and triglycerides ( R 2 = 0.33), and risk factors for IR specific to Chinese individuals included amylin, C‐peptide, and glucagon ( R 2 = 0.49). VAT, amylin, and C‐peptide were predictors in Caucasian individuals. Conclusions VAT contributed to dysglycemia in both ethnicities, particularly in Chinese individuals characterized by the TOFI phenotype, as did the glucoregulatory peptides amylin and C‐peptide, providing targets for T2D prevention.