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Thirty‐Year Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Events in Adolescents with Severe Obesity
Author(s) -
Ryder Justin R.,
Xu Peixin,
Inge Thomas H.,
Xie Changchun,
Jenkins Todd M.,
Hur Chin,
Lee Minyi,
Choi Jin,
Michalsky Marc P.,
Kelly Aaron S.,
Urbina Elaine M.
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
obesity
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.438
H-Index - 199
eISSN - 1930-739X
pISSN - 1930-7381
DOI - 10.1002/oby.22725
Subject(s) - medicine , overweight , obesity , diabetes mellitus , risk factor , framingham heart study , disease , framingham risk score , pediatrics , endocrinology
Objective Quantifying risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) events among adolescents is difficult owing to the long latent period between risk factor development and disease outcomes. This study examined the 30‐year CVD event risk among adolescents with severe obesity treated with and without metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS), compared with youths with moderate obesity, overweight, or normal weight. Methods Cross‐sectional and longitudinal comparisons of five frequency‐matched (age and diabetes status) groups were performed: normal weight ( n = 247), overweight ( n = 54), obesity ( n = 131), severe obesity without MBS ( n = 302), and severe obesity undergoing MBS ( n = 215). A 30‐year CVD event score developed by the Framingham Heart Study was the primary outcome. Data are mean (SD) with differences between time points for MBS examined using linear mixed models. Results Preoperatively, the likelihood of CVD events was higher among adolescents undergoing MBS (7.9% [6.7%]) compared with adolescents with severe obesity not referred for MBS (5.5% [4.0%]), obesity (3.9% [3.0%]), overweight (3.1% [2.4%]), and normal weight (1.8% [0.8%]; all P < 0.001). At 1 year after MBS, event risk was significantly reduced (7.9% [6.7%] to 4.0% [3.4%], P < 0.0001) and was sustained for up to 5 years after MBS ( P < 0.0001, all years vs. baseline). Conclusions Adolescents with severe obesity are at elevated risk for future CVD events. Following MBS, the predicted risk of CVD events was substantially and sustainably reduced.