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Moderate Weight Loss Improves Body Composition and Metabolic Function in Metabolically Unhealthy Lean Subjects
Author(s) -
Chooi Yu Chung,
Ding Cherlyn,
Chan Zhiling,
Choo John,
Sadananthan Suresh Anand,
Michael Navin,
Lee Yijun,
Velan S. Sendhil,
Magkos Faidon
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
obesity
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.438
H-Index - 199
eISSN - 1930-739X
pISSN - 1930-7381
DOI - 10.1002/oby.22185
Subject(s) - medicine , endocrinology , postprandial , weight loss , adipose tissue , triglyceride , insulin , hyperinsulinemia , glucose clamp technique , obesity , insulin resistance , lean body mass , pancreatic hormone , cholesterol , body weight
Objective Individuals who have “metabolically obese normal weight” (MONW) have an increased risk for cardiometabolic disease. Moderate weight loss has multiple benefits in people with obesity, but its effects in lean people are unknown. Thus, the effects of diet‐induced 5% weight loss on body composition and metabolic function in MONW subjects were evaluated. Methods Total body fat, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SAT) volumes, intrahepatic and intramyocellular lipid contents, insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinemic‐euglycemic clamp), glucose tolerance, and postprandial insulin secretion and clearance rates (mixed meal with minimal modeling) were measured before and after 4.8% ± 0.5% weight loss in 11 MONW Asians (48 ± 3 years old, six men and five women, BMI 22.7 ± 0.4 kg/m 2 ). Results Weight loss decreased total fat mass by ∼9%, VAT and SAT volumes by ∼11% and ∼17%, respectively, and intrahepatic fat by ∼50% (all P < 0.05). Fasting plasma insulin, triglyceride, and total low‐ and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were also reduced ( P < 0.05). Insulin sensitivity indexes (M‐value and M/I ratio) increased by 21% to 26% (both P < 0.05); β‐cell responsivity and postprandial insulin secretion rate did not change, but insulin clearance rate increased by 16% ( P < 0.05). Conclusions Diet‐induced moderate weight loss improves body composition, lipid profile, and insulin sensitivity and thereby reduces cardiometabolic risk in MONW Asians.