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Inflammatory potential of diet, weight gain, and incidence of overweight/obesity: The SUN cohort
Author(s) -
Ramallal Raúl,
Toledo Estefanía,
Martínez J. Alfredo,
Shivappa Nitin,
Hébert James R.,
MartínezGonzález Miguel A.,
RuizCanela Miguel
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
obesity
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.438
H-Index - 199
eISSN - 1930-739X
pISSN - 1930-7381
DOI - 10.1002/oby.21833
Subject(s) - medicine , overweight , quartile , hazard ratio , obesity , body mass index , weight gain , cohort , confidence interval , incidence (geometry) , proportional hazards model , cohort study , body weight , mathematics , geometry
Objective This study prospectively assessed the association of the inflammatory potential of a diet using the dietary inflammatory index (DII) with average yearly weight changes and incident overweight/obesity. Methods Seven thousand and twenty‐seven university graduates with body mass index <25 from the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) cohort were followed up during a median of 8.1 years. The DII, a validated tool based on scientific evidence to appraise the relationship between dietary parameters and inflammatory biomarkers, was used. A validated food‐frequency questionnaire was used to assess intake of total energy, food, and nutrients, from which DII scores were calculated at baseline and after 10 years of follow‐up. Results After a median follow‐up of 8.1 years, 1,433 incident cases of overweight or obesity were observed. Hazard ratios for overweight/obesity were calculated, including multivariable time‐dependent Cox regression models with repeated measures of diet. The hazard ratio for subjects in the highest quartile (most pro‐inflammatory diet) was 1.32 (95% confidence interval 1.08‐1.60) compared with participants in the lowest quartile (most anti‐inflammatory diet), with a significant linear dose‐response relationship ( P = 0.004). Consistently, increases in average yearly weight gains were significantly associated with proinflammatory diets. Conclusions A proinflammatory diet was significantly associated with a higher annual weight gain and higher risk of developing new‐onset overweight or obesity.