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Cardiometabolic risk factors in type 2 diabetes with high fat and low muscle mass: At baseline and in response to exercise
Author(s) -
Terada Tasuku,
Boulé Normand G.,
Forhan Mary,
Prado Carla M.,
Kenny Glen P.,
Prud'homme Denis,
Ito Eiji,
Sigal Ronald J.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
obesity
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.438
H-Index - 199
eISSN - 1930-739X
pISSN - 1930-7381
DOI - 10.1002/oby.21808
Subject(s) - medicine , endocrinology , adipose tissue , type 2 diabetes , body mass index , skeletal muscle , insulin resistance , diabetes mellitus , triglyceride , fat mass , cholesterol
Objective To examine the interplay between high fat and low muscle mass on cardiometabolic risk factors at baseline and in response to exercise in type 2 diabetes. Methods Using baseline percent body fat and skeletal muscle mass index, 248 participants were divided into high fat versus low fat and low muscle versus high muscle. Linear mixed models were used to examine the main effects of fat mass and muscle mass and their interaction on baseline cardiometabolic risk factors and changes in risk factors in response to 6‐month exercise training. Results At baseline, there was a fat mass by muscle mass interaction effect on hemoglobin A 1c (HbA 1c ; P = 0.009), suggesting that low muscle was associated with elevated HbA 1c in those with high fat but not low fat. Significant interactions between baseline fat mass and muscle mass on the exercise‐induced changes in visceral adipose tissue, insulin resistance, and triglyceride concentration indicated that low muscle attenuated the exercise responses in participants with high fat at baseline (all P < 0.05). Conclusions High fat and low muscle may be synergistically associated with higher HbA 1c in type 2 diabetes. In participants with high fat mass, low muscle mass may attenuate exercise‐induced improvements in some cardiometabolic risk factors.