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Greater early and mid‐pregnancy gestational weight gains are associated with excess adiposity in mid‐childhood
Author(s) -
Hivert MarieFrance,
RifasShiman Sheryl L.,
Gillman Matthew W.,
Oken Emily
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
obesity
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.438
H-Index - 199
eISSN - 1930-739X
pISSN - 1930-7381
DOI - 10.1002/oby.21511
Subject(s) - medicine , body mass index , pregnancy , obstetrics , weight gain , cohort , mass index , gestational age , lean body mass , gestation , body weight , genetics , biology
Objective It is unclear how specific periods of gestational weight gain (GWG) during pregnancy relate to childhood adiposity. The goal of this study was to assess the differential impact of GWG timing on childhood body composition. Methods In 979 mother–child pairs from the pre‐birth Project Viva cohort, trimester‐specific GWG was calculated using clinically recorded weights. Outcomes included body mass index (BMI) z‐ score, dual X‐ray absorptiometry fat mass index (kg/m 2 ), and fat‐free mass index (kg/m 2 ) in mid‐childhood. Linear regression models were used to assess associations of each trimester's GWG (per 0.2 kg/week) with childhood outcomes, adjusted for maternal prepregnancy BMI, sociodemographic variables, lifestyle, and GWG in prior trimester(s). Results Mean (SD) first trimester GWG was 0.22 (0.22) kg/week, second trimester 0.49 (0.18) kg/week, and third trimester 0.47 (0.20) kg/week. Faster first trimester GWG was associated with higher BMI z‐ score (0.06 units [95% CI: 0.01–0.12] per 0.2 kg/week) and with higher adiposity according to all indices; associations were strongest in women with prepregnancy BMI >30 kg/m 2 . Faster second trimester GWG was associated with higher BMI z‐ score (0.11 [0.04–0.18]), fat mass (fat mass index = 0.16 [0.02–0.31] kg/m 2 ), and lean mass (fat‐free mass index = 0.11 [0.01–0.22] kg/m 2 ). Third trimester GWG was not associated with childhood adiposity. Conclusions These results reinforce the importance of addressing appropriate GWG in early pregnancy.