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Improved insulin sensitivity after exercise training is linked to reduced plasma C 14:0 ceramide in obesity and type 2 diabetes
Author(s) -
Kasumov Takhar,
Solomon Thomas P.J.,
Hwang Calvin,
Huang Hazel,
Haus Jacob M.,
Zhang Renliang,
Kirwan John P.
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
obesity
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.438
H-Index - 199
eISSN - 1930-739X
pISSN - 1930-7381
DOI - 10.1002/oby.21117
Subject(s) - medicine , ceramide , endocrinology , type 2 diabetes , insulin resistance , diabetes mellitus , insulin , glucose clamp technique , obesity , insulin sensitivity , chemistry , biochemistry , apoptosis
Objective To assess the effect of exercise training on insulin sensitivity and plasma ceramides in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods Twenty‐four adults with obesity and normal glucose tolerance (NGT, n = 14) or diabetes ( n = 10) were studied before and after a 12‐week supervised exercise‐training program (5 days/week, 1 h/day, 80‐85% of maximum heart rate). Changes in body composition were assessed using hydrostatic weighing and computed tomography. Peripheral tissue insulin sensitivity was assessed by a 40 mU/m 2 /min hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. Plasma ceramides (C14:0, C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C20:0, C24:0, and C24:1) were quantified using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry after separation with HPLC. Results Plasma ceramides were similar for the subjects with obesity and NGT and the subjects with diabetes, despite differences in glucose tolerance. Exercise significantly reduced body weight and adiposity and increased peripheral insulin sensitivity in both groups ( P < 0.05). In addition, plasma C14:0, C16:0, C18:1, and C24:0 ceramide levels were reduced in all subjects following the intervention ( P < 0.05). Decreases in total ( r = −0.51, P = 0.02) and C14:0 ( r = −0.56, P = 0.009) ceramide were negatively correlated with the increase in insulin sensitivity. Conclusions Ceramides are linked to exercise training‐induced improvements in insulin sensitivity, and plasma C14:0 ceramide may provide a specific target for investigating lipid‐related insulin resistance in obesity and T2D.