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Sustained hunger suppression from stable liquid food foams
Author(s) -
Melnikov Sergey M.,
Stoyanov Simeon D.,
Kovacs Eva M.R.,
Arnaudov Luben,
de Groot Peter,
Schuring Ewoud A.H.,
Wiseman Sheila A.,
Mela David J.,
Peters Harry P.F.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
obesity
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.438
H-Index - 199
eISSN - 1930-739X
pISSN - 1930-7381
DOI - 10.1002/oby.20828
Subject(s) - appetite , aeration , zoology , food science , nitrous oxide , area under the curve , eating behavior , medicine , chemistry , anesthesia , biology , obesity , organic chemistry
Objective Simple aeration of food matrices with gas has previously been shown to generate immediate suppression of appetite, though duration of effects has not been shown. This research tested whether liquids aerated with nitrous oxide (N 2 O) to achieve high in‐body stability could produce enhanced and sustained effects on eating motivations. Methods In two randomized cross‐over studies, appetite ratings were collected for 240 min. In Study 1, 24 volunteers consumed a full portion liquid (325 ml, 190 kcal) or aerated (1,000 ml, 190 kcal) drink at 0 min, or half portions of liquid (162 ml, 95 kcal) or aerated (500 ml, 95 kcal) drink at 0 and 120 min. In Study 2, assessing the effect of N 2 O itself, 23 volunteers consumed water saturated with N 2 O or with CO 2 10 min after a mini‐drink (180 kcal). Appetite was quantified by area‐under‐the curve (AUC) and time‐to‐return‐to‐baseline (TTRTB). Results Full‐ and half‐size aerated drinks decreased hunger AUC over 4 h by 26 and 50% ( P < 0.0001) versus the respective liquid versions. Effects were also sustained significantly longer (TTRTB from 203 to 335 and from 173 to 286 min, respectively). In Study 2, N 2 O and CO 2 had similar effects on appetite ratings. Conclusions Aeration of foods using appropriate microstructural design has a powerful effect on eating motivations.