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Short‐term overeating results in incomplete energy intake compensation regardless of energy density or macronutrient composition
Author(s) -
Apolzan John W.,
Bray George A.,
Hamilton Marc T.,
Zderic Theodore W.,
Han Hongmei,
Champagne Catherine M.,
Shepard Desti,
Martin Corby K.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
obesity
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.438
H-Index - 199
eISSN - 1930-739X
pISSN - 1930-7381
DOI - 10.1002/oby.20587
Subject(s) - overeating , appetite , medicine , endocrinology , thermogenesis , chemistry , obesity
Objective To evaluate the effects of overeating (140% of energy requirements) a high‐fat low‐energy density diet (HF/LED, 1.05 kcal/g), high‐fat high‐energy density diet (HF/HED, 1.60 kcal/g), and high‐carbohydrate (HC) LED (1.05 kcal/g) for 2‐days on subsequent 4‐day energy intake (EI), activity levels, appetite, and mood. Design and Methods Using a randomized cross‐over design, energy expenditure and EI were standardized during overeating. Results In 20 adults with a mean ± SD BMI of 30.7 ± 4.6 kg/m 2 , EI was not suppressed until the second day after overeating and accounted for ∼30% of the excess EI. Reductions in EI did not differ among the three diets or across days. Overeating had no effect on subsequent energy expenditure but steps/day decreased after the HC/LED and HF/HED. Sleep time was increased after the HF/HED compared to both LEDs. After overeating a HF/HED vs. HF/LED, carbohydrate cravings, hunger, prospective food consumption, and sadness increased and satisfaction, relaxation, and tranquility decreased. Conclusions Diet type, time, or their interaction had no impact on compensation over 4 days. No adaptive thermogenesis was observed. The HF/HED vs. HF/LED had detrimental effects on food cravings, appetite, and mood. These results suggest short‐term overeating is associated with incomplete compensation.