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Acute exercise induces a phenotypic switch in adipose tissue macrophage polarization in diet‐induced obese rats
Author(s) -
Oliveira Alexandre G.,
Araujo Tiago G.,
Carvalho Bruno M.,
Guadagnini Dioze,
Rocha Guilherme Z.,
Bagarolli Renata A.,
Carvalheira Jose Barreto C.,
Saad Mario J.A.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
obesity
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.438
H-Index - 199
eISSN - 1930-739X
pISSN - 1930-7381
DOI - 10.1002/oby.20402
Subject(s) - medicine , endocrinology , macrophage polarization , adipose tissue , stromal vascular fraction , white adipose tissue , insulin receptor , insulin resistance , inflammation , adipose tissue macrophages , insulin , m2 macrophage , tumor necrosis factor alpha , macrophage , chemistry , in vitro , biochemistry
Objective It has become clear that exercise may be a useful therapy in the insulin resistance treatment, as it has anti‐inflammatory effects and improves insulin sensitivity. However, it remains uncertain whether exercise affects the adipocytes or infiltrated macrophages. Thus, the aim was to investigate the effects of acute exercise on the inflammatory status and insulin signaling of the white adipose tissue (WAT) fractions (stromal‐vascular fraction [SVF] and adipocytes). Design and Methods The effect of acute swimming exercise was investigated on insulin sensitivity, insulin signaling, inflammatory pathways in the WAT fractions of high‐fat fed Wistar rats. Additionally, macrophage infiltration and polarization were analyzed in the WAT. Results Acute exercise can improve insulin signaling in WAT fractions, along with a phenotypic switch from M1‐ to M2‐macrophages in obese rats, as indicated by a marked increase in macrophage galactose‐type C‐type lectin 1‐positive cells in WAT was observed. Additionally, exercise promoted a reduction in circulating levels of lipopolysaccharide, and toll‐like receptor 4 activity along with TNF‐alpha, IL‐1‐beta and MCP‐1 mRNA levels in WAT fractions. Conclusions These data suggest that acute exercise improves insulin signaling in the WAT, at least in part by inducing macrophage polarization toward the M2‐state.