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Presence and dynamics of leptin, GLP‐1, and PYY in human breast milk at early postpartum
Author(s) -
Schueler Jessica,
Alexander Brenda,
Hart Ann Marie,
Austin Kathleen,
Enette LarsonMeyer D.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
obesity
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.438
H-Index - 199
eISSN - 1930-739X
pISSN - 1930-7381
DOI - 10.1002/oby.20345
Subject(s) - leptin , peptide yy , appetite , endocrinology , medicine , breast milk , radioimmunoassay , hormone , breast feeding , obesity , chemistry , neuropeptide y receptor , receptor , neuropeptide , biochemistry , pediatrics
Objective: The presence of appetite hormones, namely glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1), peptide YY (PYY), and leptin in breast milk may be important in infant feeding regulation and infant growth. This study evaluated whether concentrations of GLP‐1, PYY, and leptin change across a single feeding (from fore‐ to hindmilk), and are associated with maternal and infant anthropometrics. Design and Methods: Thirteen postpartum women (mean ± SD: 25.6 ± 4.5 years, 72.0 ± 11.9 kg) provided fore‐ and hindmilk samples 4‐5 weeks after delivery and underwent measurements of body weight and composition by Dual X‐ray Absorptiometry. GLP‐1, PYY, and leptin concentrations were measured using radioimmunoassay, and milk fat content was determined by creamatocrit. Results: Concentration of GLP‐1 and content of milk fat was higher in hindmilk than foremilk ( P ≤ 0.05). PYY and leptin concentrations did not change between fore‐ and hindmilk. Both leptin concentration and milk fat content were correlated with indices of maternal adiposity, including body mass index ( r = 0.65‐0.85, P < 0.02), and fat mass ( r = 0.65‐0.84, P < 0.02). Hindmilk GLP‐1 was correlated with infant weight gain from birth to 6 months ( r = −0.67, P = 0.034). Conclusion: The presence of appetite hormones in breast milk may be important in infant appetite and growth regulation.