Premium
Ethnic and sex differences in visceral, subcutaneous, and total body fat in children and adolescents
Author(s) -
Staiano A. E.,
Broyles S. T.,
Gupta A. K.,
Katzmarzyk P. T.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
obesity
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.438
H-Index - 199
eISSN - 1930-739X
pISSN - 1930-7381
DOI - 10.1002/oby.20210
Subject(s) - medicine , adipose tissue , confounding , ethnic group , obesity , demography , endocrinology , childhood obesity , cross sectional study , body mass index , sex characteristics , physiology , overweight , pathology , sociology , anthropology
Objective: This study investigated ethnic and sex differences in the distribution of fat during childhood and adolescence. Design and Methods : A cross‐sectional sample ( n = 382), aged 5–18 years, included African American males ( n = 84), White males ( n = 96), African American females ( n = 118), and White females ( n = 84). Measures for total body fat (TBF) mass and abdominal adipose tissue (total volume and L4‐L5 cross‐sectional area) for both subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) depots were assessed by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance image, respectively. Analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs) were used to determine ethnic and sex differences in TBF (adjusted for age) and ethnic and sex differences in SAT and VAT (adjusted for both age and TBF). Results: Age‐adjusted TBF was greater in African Americans ( P = 0.017) and females ( P < 0.0001) compared with Whites and males, respectively. In age‐ and TBF‐adjusted ANCOVAs, no differences were found in the SAT. The VAT volume was, however, greater in Whites ( P < 0.0001) and males ( P < 0.0001) compared with African Americans and females, respectively. Similar patterns were observed in SAT and VAT area at L4‐L5. Conclusions: The demonstrated ethnic and sex differences are important confounders in the prevalence of obesity and in the assignment of disease risk in children and adolescents.