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Impact of Individual and Neighborhood Factors on Cardiovascular Risk in White Hispanic and Non‐Hispanic Women and Men
Author(s) -
Cohn Tanya,
Miller Arlene,
Fogg Louis,
Braun Lynne T.,
Coke Lola
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
research in nursing and health
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.836
H-Index - 85
eISSN - 1098-240X
pISSN - 0160-6891
DOI - 10.1002/nur.21778
Subject(s) - medicine , framingham risk score , socioeconomic status , demography , ethnic group , gerontology , risk assessment , disease , environmental health , population , computer security , sociology , anthropology , computer science
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality for adults in the US, regardless of ethnicity. A cross‐sectional correlational design was used to describe and compare CVD risk and cardiac mortality in White Hispanic and non‐Hispanic women and men. Data from 3,317 individuals (1,523 women and 1,794 men) hospitalized for non‐cardiac causes during 2012–2013, and data from the 2010 United States Census were included. The sex‐specific 10‐year Framingham General Cardiovascular Risk Score (FRS‐10) was used to estimate long‐term risk for major cardiac events. Approximately three‐quarters of the sample was White Hispanic. FRS‐10 scores were generally low, but a high prevalence of risk factors not included in the standard FRS‐10 scoring formula was seen. White Hispanic women had significantly lower estimated CVD risk scores compared to White Hispanic and non‐Hispanic men despite higher non‐FRS‐10 risks. Neighborhood median household income had a significant negative relationship and Hispanic neighborhood concentration had a significant positive relationship with cardiac mortality. Hispanic concentration was the only predictor of estimated CVD risk in a multilevel model. CVD risk assessment tools that are calibrated for ethnic groups and socioeconomic status may be more appropriate for Hispanic individuals than the FRS‐10. Neighborhood‐level factors should be included in clinical cardiac assessment in addition to individual characteristics and behavioral risks. Researchers should continue to seek additional risk factors that may contribute to or protect against CVD in order to close the gap between estimated CVD risk and actual cardiac mortality for Hispanics in the US. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.