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A posteriori error estimate for computing tr( f ( A )) by using the Lanczos method
Author(s) -
Chen Jie,
Saad Yousef
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
numerical linear algebra with applications
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.02
H-Index - 53
eISSN - 1099-1506
pISSN - 1070-5325
DOI - 10.1002/nla.2170
Subject(s) - lanczos resampling , mathematics , lanczos algorithm , trace (psycholinguistics) , matrix (chemical analysis) , bilinear form , covariance matrix , algorithm , function (biology) , mathematical optimization , eigenvalues and eigenvectors , mathematical analysis , linguistics , philosophy , materials science , quantum mechanics , composite material , evolutionary biology , biology , physics
Summary An outstanding problem when computing a function of a matrix, f ( A ), by using a Krylov method is to accurately estimate errors when convergence is slow. Apart from the case of the exponential function that has been extensively studied in the past, there are no well‐established solutions to the problem. Often, the quantity of interest in applications is not the matrix f ( A ) itself but rather the matrix–vector products or bilinear forms. When the computation related to f ( A ) is a building block of a larger problem (e.g., approximately computing its trace), a consequence of the lack of reliable error estimates is that the accuracy of the computed result is unknown. In this paper, we consider the problem of computing tr( f ( A )) for a symmetric positive‐definite matrix A by using the Lanczos method and make two contributions: (a) an error estimate for the bilinear form associated with f ( A ) and (b) an error estimate for the trace of f ( A ). We demonstrate the practical usefulness of these estimates for large matrices and, in particular, show that the trace error estimate is indicative of the number of accurate digits. As an application, we compute the log determinant of a covariance matrix in Gaussian process analysis and underline the importance of error tolerance as a stopping criterion as a means of bounding the number of Lanczos steps to achieve a desired accuracy.