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In vivo , trans‐synaptic tract‐tracing utilizing manganese‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI)
Author(s) -
Pautler Robia G.
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
nmr in biomedicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.278
H-Index - 114
eISSN - 1099-1492
pISSN - 0952-3480
DOI - 10.1002/nbm.942
Subject(s) - manganese , magnetic resonance imaging , chemistry , biophysics , in vivo , calcium , tracing , nuclear magnetic resonance , biology , physics , computer science , medicine , microbiology and biotechnology , organic chemistry , radiology , operating system
It is well established that manganese ion (Mn 2+ ) can access neurons through voltage‐gated calcium (Ca 2+ ) channels. Based upon this fundamental principle, Mn 2+ has long been used in biomedical research as an indicator of Ca 2+ influx in conjunction with fluorescent microscopy. Additionally, after entry into neurons, Mn 2+ is transported down axons via microtubule based fast axonal transport. Furthermore, Mn 2+ is paramagnetic, resulting in a shortening of the spin‐lattice relaxation time‐constant, T 1 , which yields positive contrast enhancement in T 1 ‐weighted MRI images, specific to tissues where the ion has accumulated. Manganese‐enhanced MRI (MEMRI) utilizes a combination of these properties of Mn 2+ to trace neuronal pathways in an MRI‐detectable manner. The focus of this review will detail some of the current MEMRI tract‐tracing methodologies in mice and non‐human primates as well as biological applications of MEMRI tract‐tracing. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.