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Automatic quantitation of localized in vivo 1 H spectra with LCModel
Author(s) -
Provencher Stephen W.
Publication year - 2001
Publication title -
nmr in biomedicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.278
H-Index - 114
eISSN - 1099-1492
pISSN - 0952-3480
DOI - 10.1002/nbm.698
Subject(s) - metabolite , phosphocreatine , chemistry , glutamine , in vivo , taurine , phosphocholine , biochemistry , amino acid , biology , phospholipid , endocrinology , phosphatidylcholine , energy metabolism , microbiology and biotechnology , membrane
The LCModel method analyzes an in vivo spectrum as a Linear Combination of Model in vitro spectra from individual metabolite solutions. Complete model spectra, rather than individual resonances, are used in order to incorporate maximum prior information into the analysis. A nearly model‐free constrained regularization method automatically accounts for the baseline and lineshape in vivo without imposing a restrictive parameterized form on them. LCModel is automatic (non‐interactive) with no subjective input. Approximately maximum‐likelihood estimates of the metabolite concentrations and their uncertainties (Cramér‐Rao lower bounds) are obtained. LCModel analyses of spectra from users with fields from 1.5 to 9.4 T and a wide range of sequences, particularly with short TE , are used here to illustrate the capabilities and limitations of LCModel and proton MRS. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Abbreviations used: Ala alanineAsp aspartateCr creatineGABA γ‐aminobutyric acidGlc glucoseGln glutamineGlu glutamateGPC glycerophosphocholineGSH glutathioneIns myo ‐inositolLac lactateNAA N ‐acetylaspartateNAAG N ‐acetylaspartylglutamatePC phosphocholinePCr phosphocreatinePE phosphoethanolamineScyllo scyllo ‐inositolS/N signal‐to‐noise ratioTau taurine.