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B 0 shimming for in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy: Experts' consensus recommendations
Author(s) -
Juchem Christoph,
Cudalbu Cristina,
Graaf Robin A.,
Gruetter Rolf,
Henning Anke,
Hetherington Hoby P.,
Boer Vincent O.
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
nmr in biomedicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.278
H-Index - 114
eISSN - 1099-1492
pISSN - 0952-3480
DOI - 10.1002/nbm.4350
Subject(s) - shim (computing) , laser linewidth , computer science , nuclear magnetic resonance , in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy , homogeneity (statistics) , magnetic resonance imaging , materials science , medical physics , physics , radiology , optics , machine learning , medicine , laser , erectile dysfunction
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) allow the chemical analysis of physiological processes in vivo and provide powerful tools in the life sciences and for clinical diagnostics. Excellent homogeneity of the static B 0 magnetic field over the object of interest is essential for achieving high‐quality spectral results and quantitative metabolic measurements. The experimental minimization of B 0 variation is performed in a process called B 0 shimming. In this article, we summarize the concepts of B 0 field shimming using spherical harmonic shimming techniques, specific strategies for B 0 homogenization and crucial factors to consider for implementation and use in both brain and body. In addition, experts' recommendations are provided for minimum requirements for B 0 shim hardware and evaluation criteria for the primary outcome of adequate B 0 shimming for MRS and MRSI, such as the water spectroscopic linewidth.