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Probing carbohydrate metabolism using hyperpolarized 13 C‐labeled molecules
Author(s) -
Singh Jaspal,
Suh Eul Hyun,
Sharma Gaurav,
Khemtong Chalermchai,
Sherry A. Dean,
Kovacs Zoltan
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
nmr in biomedicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.278
H-Index - 114
eISSN - 1099-1492
pISSN - 0952-3480
DOI - 10.1002/nbm.4018
Subject(s) - glycolysis , pentose phosphate pathway , dihydroxyacetone phosphate , anaerobic glycolysis , chemistry , fructose , biochemistry , metabolism , aldolase a , dihydroxyacetone , carbohydrate metabolism , metabolic pathway , enzyme , glycerol
Glycolysis is a fundamental metabolic process in all organisms. Anomalies in glucose metabolism are linked to various pathological conditions. In particular, elevated aerobic glycolysis is a characteristic feature of rapidly growing cells. Glycolysis and the closely related pentose phosphate pathway can be monitored in real time by hyperpolarized 13 C‐labeled metabolic substrates such as 13 C‐enriched, deuterated D‐glucose derivatives, [2‐ 13 C]‐D‐fructose, [2‐ 13 C] dihydroxyacetone, [1‐ 13 C]‐D‐glycerate, [1‐ 13 C]‐D‐glucono‐δ‐lactone and [1‐ 13 C] pyruvate in healthy and diseased tissues. Elevated glycolysis in tumors (the Warburg effect) was also successfully imaged using hyperpolarized [U‐ 13 C 6 , U‐ 2 H 7 ]‐D‐glucose, while the size of the preexisting lactate pool can be measured by 13 C MRS and/or MRI with hyperpolarized [1‐ 13 C]pyruvate. This review summarizes the application of various hyperpolarized 13 C‐labeled metabolites to the real‐time monitoring of glycolysis and related metabolic processes in normal and diseased tissues.