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Apparent diffusion coefficients in prostate cancer: correlation with molecular markers Ki‐67, HIF‐1α and VEGF
Author(s) -
Ma Teng,
Yang Shaolin,
Jing Haiyan,
Cong Lin,
Cao Zhixin,
Liu Zhiling,
Huang Zhaoqin
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
nmr in biomedicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.278
H-Index - 114
eISSN - 1099-1492
pISSN - 0952-3480
DOI - 10.1002/nbm.3884
Subject(s) - effective diffusion coefficient , prostate cancer , ki 67 , vascular endothelial growth factor , medicine , immunohistochemistry , magnetic resonance imaging , prostate , pathology , nuclear medicine , vegf receptors , cancer , radiology
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer in men. The Gleason score (GS) and biomarkers play important roles in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with PCa. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and the molecular markers Ki‐67, hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in PCa. Thirty‐nine patients with 39 lesions, who had been diagnosed with PCa, were enrolled in this study. All patients underwent diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW‐MRI) ( b = 800 s/mm 2 ). The expression of Ki‐67, HIF‐1α and VEGF was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Statistical analysis was applied to analyze the association between ADC and prostate‐specific antigen (PSA), GS and the expression of Ki‐67, HIF‐1α and VEGF. The group differences in ADC among different grades of Ki‐67, HIF‐1α and VEGF were also analyzed. The mean ± standard deviation of ADC was (0.76 ± 0.27) × 10 −3 mm 2 /s. ADC correlated negatively with PSA and GS ( p < 0.05). The Ki‐67 staining index (SI), HIF‐1α expression and VEGF expression in PCa were correlated inversely with ADC, controlling for age ( r = –0.332, p < 0.05; r = −0.662, p < 0.0005; and r = −0.714, p < 0.0005, respectively). ADC showed a significant difference among different grades of Ki‐67 ( F = 9.164, p = 0.005), HIF‐1α ( F = 40.333, p < 0.0005) and VEGF ( F = 22.048, p < 0.0005). In conclusion, ADC was correlated with PSA, GS, and Ki‐67, HIF‐1α and VEGF expression in patients with PCa. ADC may be used to evaluate tumor proliferation, hypoxia and angiogenesis in PCa.