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Amide proton transfer imaging of the human breast at 7T: development and reproducibility
Author(s) -
Klomp Dennis W. J.,
Dula Adrienne N.,
Arlinghaus Lori R.,
Italiaander Michel,
Dortch Richard D.,
Zu Zhongliang,
Williams Jason M.,
Gochberg Daniel F.,
Luijten Peter R.,
Gore John C.,
Yankeelov Thomas E.,
Smith Seth A.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
nmr in biomedicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.278
H-Index - 114
eISSN - 1099-1492
pISSN - 0952-3480
DOI - 10.1002/nbm.2947
Subject(s) - reproducibility , ghosting , human breast , nuclear magnetic resonance , standard deviation , biomedical engineering , breast cancer , signal to noise ratio (imaging) , nuclear medicine , materials science , chemistry , computer science , medicine , mathematics , cancer , chromatography , artificial intelligence , physics , telecommunications , statistics
Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) can offer information about protons associated with mobile proteins through the amide proton transfer (APT) effect, which has been shown to discriminate tumor from healthy tissue and, more recently, has been suggested as a prognosticator of response to therapy. Despite this promise, APT effects are small (only a few percent of the total signal), and APT imaging is often prone to artifacts resulting from system instability. Here we present a procedure that enables the detection of APT effects in the human breast at 7T while mitigating these issues. Adequate signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) was achieved via an optimized quadrature RF breast coil and 3D acquisitions. To reduce the influence of fat, effective fat suppression schemes were developed that did not degrade SNR. To reduce the levels of ghosting artifacts, dummy scans have been integrated into the scanning protocol. Compared with results obtained at 3T, the standard deviation of the measured APT effect was reduced by a factor of four at 7T, allowing for the detection of APT effects with a standard deviation of 1% in the human breast at 7T. Together, these results demonstrate that the APT effect can be reliably detected in the healthy human breast with a high level of precision at 7T. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.