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Global gray and white matter metabolic changes after simian immunodeficiency virus infection in CD8‐depleted rhesus macaques: proton MRS imaging at 3 T
Author(s) -
Wu William E.,
Tal Assaf,
Kirov Ivan I.,
Rusinek Henry,
Charytonowicz Daniel,
Babb James S.,
Ratai EvaMaria,
Gilberto Gonzalez R.,
Gonen Oded
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
nmr in biomedicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.278
H-Index - 114
eISSN - 1099-1492
pISSN - 0952-3480
DOI - 10.1002/nbm.2889
Subject(s) - simian immunodeficiency virus , virology , human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) , white matter , biology , virus , cd8 , gray (unit) , immunology , medicine , immune system , magnetic resonance imaging , nuclear medicine , radiology
To test the hypotheses that global decreased neuro‐axonal integrity reflected by decreased N ‐acetylaspartate (NAA) and increased glial activation reflected by an elevation in its marker, the myo ‐inositol ( m I), present in a CD8‐depleted rhesus macaque model of HIV‐associated neurocognitive disorders. To this end, we performed quantitative MRI and 16 × 16 × 4 multivoxel proton MRS imaging (TE/TR = 33/1400 ms) in five macaques pre‐ and 4–6 weeks post‐simian immunodeficiency virus infection. Absolute NAA, creatine, choline (Cho), and m I concentrations, gray and white matter (GM and WM) and cerebrospinal fluid fractions were obtained. Global GM and WM concentrations were estimated from 224 voxels (at 0.125 cm 3 spatial resolution over ~35% of the brain) using linear regression. Pre‐ to post‐infection global WM NAA declined 8%: 6.6 ± 0.4 to 6.0 ± 0.5 mM ( p = 0.05); GM Cho declined 20%: 1.3 ± 0.2 to 1.0 ± 0.1 mM ( p < 0.003); global m I increased 11%: 5.7 ± 0.4 to 6.5 ± 0.5 mM ( p < 0.03). Global GM and WM brain volume fraction changes were statistically insignificant. These metabolic changes are consistent with global WM (axonal) injury and glial activation, and suggest a possible GM host immune response. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.