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Tissue specific perfusion imaging using arterial spin labeling
Author(s) -
Detre John A.,
Zhang Weiguo,
Roberts David A.,
Silva Afonso C.,
Williams Donald S.,
Grandis Donald J.,
Koretsky Alan P.,
Leigh John S.
Publication year - 1994
Publication title -
nmr in biomedicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.278
H-Index - 114
eISSN - 1099-1492
pISSN - 0952-3480
DOI - 10.1002/nbm.1940070112
Subject(s) - magnetization transfer , perfusion , nuclear magnetic resonance , spins , arterial spin labeling , magnetic resonance imaging , perfusion scanning , magnetization , hyperpolarization (physics) , biomedical engineering , chemistry , medicine , physics , radiology , nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy , magnetic field , quantum mechanics
Quantitative magnetic resonance measurements of regional tissue perfusion can be obtained using magnetically labeled arterial water as a diffusable tracer. Continuous labeling is achieved in flowing spins using adiabatic inversion. The effects of continuous labeling of proximal arterial spins and T 1 relaxation in distal tissue magnetization result in a steady‐state change in tissue magnetization which is tissue specific, i.e., it can be quantified in units of blood flow per gram of tissue per unit time. This magnetization is sampled using standard imaging sequences. The theoretical basis for this method, including the effects of macromolecular spin saturation, is reviewed. Recent results demonstrating the successful implementation of this technique in vitro and in vivo in rat brain, heart, and kidney, and in human brain and kidney are presented, as well as the use of a separate RF coil for arterial labeling to produce selective perfusion images in rat brain. This approach allows quantitative perfusion images to be obtained completely non‐invasively at the resolution of 1 H MRI, and is useful in the clinical and investigational evaluation of organ physiology.