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Aqueous shift reagents for high‐resolution cation NMR. VI. Titration curves for in vivo 23 Na and 1 H 2 O MRS obtained from rat blood
Author(s) -
Albert Mitchell S.,
Huang Wei,
Lee JingHuei,
Balschi James A.,
Springer Charles S.
Publication year - 1993
Publication title -
nmr in biomedicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.278
H-Index - 114
eISSN - 1099-1492
pISSN - 0952-3480
DOI - 10.1002/nbm.1940060103
Subject(s) - in vivo , titration , chemistry , aqueous solution , reagent , nuclear magnetic resonance , analytical chemistry (journal) , titration curve , chromatography , physics , microbiology and biotechnology , biology
Frequency shift/concentration calibration curves applicable to the use of shift reagents (SRs) for in vivo 23 Na MRS studies can be obtained from experiments with whole blood. Here, they are reported for titrations of rat blood with the SRs DyTTHA 3− and TmDOTP 5− . There are a number of considerations that must be made in order to derive accurate calibration curves from the experimental data. These include the effects of bulk magnetic susceptibility (BMS, since the SRs are paramagnetic), the effects of water flux (since addition of the SR stock solution to blood renders the plasma hyperosmotic), and the consequences of restricted distribution of the SR anion in the erythrocyte suspension. We give in some detail the BMS shift theory that obtains in this case and show also how it applies to excised perfused organ as well as in vivo studies. Also, we report significant effects of adjuvant Ca 2+ additions in the TmDOTP 5− titrations. These are very important to the successful use of this SR in vivo . Finally, our considerations of BMS lead naturally to an understanding of its manifestations in the shifts of the 1 H 2 O resonance frequencies of cell suspensions and tissues induced by SRs. Since these are being increasingly reported, and often misinterpreted, we devote an experiment and some discussion to this subject. We show that this phenomenon cannot be used to quantitatively discriminate intra‐ and extracellular 1 H 2 O signals.