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Carbohydrate metabolism of the rat c6 glioma. an in vivo 13 c and in vitro 1 h magnetic resonance spectroscopy study
Author(s) -
Ross Brian D.,
Higgins Robert J.,
Boggan James E.,
Willis James A.,
Knittel Brian,
Unger Stephen W.
Publication year - 1988
Publication title -
nmr in biomedicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.278
H-Index - 114
eISSN - 1099-1492
pISSN - 0952-3480
DOI - 10.1002/nbm.1940010105
Subject(s) - in vivo , in vitro , nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy , nuclear magnetic resonance , metabolism , carbohydrate metabolism , carbohydrate , glioma , chemistry , biochemistry , biology , physics , genetics
Surface coil 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to investigate the in vivo carbohydrate metabolism of rat C6 gliomas during and after infusion with [1‐ 13 C]glucose. In vivo 1 H‐decoupled 13 C NMR spectra of the glioma following infusion with [1‐ 13 C]glucose revealed the direct production of [3‐ 13 C]lactic acid, [1‐ 13 C]glycogen, and [4‐ 13 C], [3‐ 13 C], and [2‐ 13 C]glutamate/glutamine. Lactate levels of in vivo gliomas increased and reached steady state levels during [1‐ 13 C]glucose infusion, and decreased following termination of infusion. Complementary in vitro studies using supernatant media collected from C6 glioma cells incubated with media containing [1‐ 13 C] or [6‐ 13 C]glucose and glutamine were examined by 1 H NMR spectroscopy. The [3‐( 13 C/ 12 C)]lactate ratios obtained from 1 H spectra of supernatant media containing [1‐ 13 C]glucose revealed the percentage of glucose metabolized through the hexose monophosphate shunt to be 10.01 ± 0.85% ( n = 3), while similar measurements of media containing [6‐ 13 C]glucose and glutamine showed that glutaminolysis contributed 9.0 ± 1.0% of total lactate production under these conditions. Enzymatic analysis of media determined lactate production to be 139 ± 9 nmol per 10 6 cells per h ( n = 4). These measurements demonstrate the ability of NMR to monitor brain tumor carbohydrate metabolism both in vitro and in vivo .