Premium
Electrical stimulation of sacral dermatomes can suppress aberrant urethral reflexes in felines with chronic spinal cord injury
Author(s) -
McCoin Jaime L.,
Bhadra Narendra,
Gustafson Kenneth J.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
neurourology and urodynamics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.918
H-Index - 90
eISSN - 1520-6777
pISSN - 0733-2467
DOI - 10.1002/nau.22276
Subject(s) - medicine , dermatome , spinal cord injury , stimulation , reflex , external anal sphincter , dyssynergia , anesthesia , autonomic dysreflexia , spinal cord , urethral sphincter , lumbar , anatomy , sphincter , urethra , surgery , rectum , anal canal , psychiatry
Aims Uncoordinated reflex contractions of the external urethral sphincter (EUS) are a major component of voiding dysfunction after neurologic injury. Patterned stimulation of sacral afferent pathways can reduce abnormal EUS reflexes after acute spinal cord injury (SCI); however, effectiveness following chronic SCI is unknown. Methods Four adult male cats were implanted with bilateral extradural sacral root electrodes to allow bladder activation and underwent subsequent spinal transection (T10–12). Nine weeks after SCI urethral and bladder pressures were recorded with and without sacral afferent stimulation. Surface electrodes were applied to sacral and lumbar dermatomes and stimulus amplitude set below the muscle fasciculation threshold. The stimulation pattern was varied by on/off times of fixed frequency at each location. Results Reflexive EUS contractions were observed in all animals after chronic SCI. Patterned sacral dermatome stimulation reduced EUS reflex rate and amplitude in two of four cats. Suppression was dependent on both the stimulus location and pattern. Sacral locations and a stimulation pattern of (0.75 sec on, 0.25 sec off, 20 Hz) were effective in both responder animals. Conclusions Patterned sacral dermatome stimulation can reduce abnormal urethral reflexes following chronic SCI. Reflex suppression is dependent on both the stimulation location and stimulus pattern. Reduction of reflexive EUS activity after chronic SCI with this non‐destructive and non‐invasive approach may provide an advance for the treatment of detrusor‐sphincter‐dyssynergia. Neurourol. Urodynam. 32: 92–97, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.