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Rat: Overview and innervation
Author(s) -
Steers William D.
Publication year - 1994
Publication title -
neurourology and urodynamics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.918
H-Index - 90
eISSN - 1520-6777
pISSN - 0733-2467
DOI - 10.1002/nau.1930130204
Subject(s) - medicine , spinal cord injury , pathological , spinal cord , lower urinary tract symptoms , multiple sclerosis , neuroscience , disease , urinary system , basic science , bladder outlet obstruction , animal model , overactive bladder , pathology , anatomy , immunology , biology , prostate , cancer , psychiatry , alternative medicine
Despite the development of molecular and cellular methods for examining physiological processes, the use of the whole animal model remains essential to advance knowledge regarding the integration and coordination of events associated with urinary tract function. The rat offers an inexpensive and versatile species to investigate bladder and urethral responses to drugs or pathology. Models for many disorders have been developed in rodents including diabetes, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, Parkinson's disease, bladder outlet obstruction, pain, and aging. This review examines methodologies to evaluate lower urinary tract function and manipulations used to create pathological models in rodents. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.