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Upregulation of interleukin‐1β/transforming growth factor‐β1 and hypoxia relate to molecular mechanisms underlying immobilization‐induced muscle contracture
Author(s) -
Honda Yuichiro,
Sakamoto Junya,
Nakano Jiro,
Kataoka Hideki,
Sasabe Ryo,
Goto Kyo,
Tanaka Miho,
Origuchi Tomoki,
Yoshimura Toshiro,
Okita Minoru
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
muscle and nerve
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.025
H-Index - 145
eISSN - 1097-4598
pISSN - 0148-639X
DOI - 10.1002/mus.24558
Subject(s) - downregulation and upregulation , contracture , soleus muscle , endocrinology , medicine , hypoxia (environmental) , transforming growth factor , myosin , chemistry , messenger rna , skeletal muscle , surgery , biochemistry , organic chemistry , oxygen , gene
In this study we investigated the molecular mechanism underlying muscle contracture in rats. Methods: The rats were divided into immobilization and control groups, and soleus muscles of the right and left sides were selected for analyses. Results: The levels of CD11b and α‐SMA protein, IL‐1β, and TGF‐β1 mRNA, and type I and III collagen protein and mRNA were significantly greater in the immobilization group than in the control group at all time‐points. HIF‐1α mRNA levels were significantly higher in the immobilization group at 4 weeks. Moreover, HIF‐1α, α‐SMA, and type I collagen levels were significantly higher at 4 weeks than at 1 and 2 weeks in the immobilization group. Conclusions: In the early stages of immobilization, upregulation of IL‐1β/TGF‐β1 via macrophages may promote fibroblast differentiation that could affect muscle contracture. The soleus muscle became hypoxic in the later stages of immobilization, suggesting that hypoxia influences the progression of muscle contracture. Muscle Nerve 52:419–427, 2015