Premium
Pain and soreness associated with a percutaneous electrical stimulation muscle cramping protocol
Author(s) -
Miller Kevin C.,
Knight Kenneth L.
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
muscle and nerve
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.025
H-Index - 145
eISSN - 1097-4598
pISSN - 0148-639X
DOI - 10.1002/mus.20857
Subject(s) - muscle cramp , medicine , stimulation , anesthesia , visual analogue scale , electrical muscle stimulation , delayed onset muscle soreness , transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation , physical therapy , physical medicine and rehabilitation , muscle damage , alternative medicine , pathology
Muscle cramps are difficult to study scientifically because of their spontaneity and unpredictability. Various laboratory techniques to induce muscle cramps have been explored but the best technique for inducing cramps is unclear. Electrical stimulation appears to be the most reliable, but there is a perception that it is extremely painful. Data to support this perception are lacking. We hypothesized that electrical stimulation is a tolerable method of inducing cramps with few side effects. We measured cramp frequency (H Z ), pain during electrical stimulation, and soreness before, at 5 s, and 30, 60, and 90 min after cramp induction using a 100‐mm visual analog scale. Group 1 received tibial nerve stimulation on 5 consecutive days; Group 2 received it on alternate days for five total treatments. Pain and soreness were mild. The highest ratings occurred on Day 1 and decreased thereafter. Intersession reliability was high. Our study showed that electrical stimulation causes little pain or soreness and is a reliable method for inducing cramps. Muscle Nerve, 2007