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Sarcoplasmic reticulum: The dynamic calcium governor of muscle
Author(s) -
Rossi Ann E.,
Dirksen Robert T.
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
muscle and nerve
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.025
H-Index - 145
eISSN - 1097-4598
pISSN - 0148-639X
DOI - 10.1002/mus.20512
Subject(s) - calcium , ryanodine receptor , calsequestrin , serca , ryanodine receptor 2 , skeletal muscle , ryr1 , calcium atpase , voltage dependent calcium channel , chemistry , endocrinology , medicine , endoplasmic reticulum , calcium metabolism , t type calcium channel , biology , biochemistry , atpase , enzyme
The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) provides feedback control required to balance the processes of calcium storage, release, and reuptake in skeletal muscle. This balance is achieved through the concerted action of three major classes of SR calcium‐regulatory proteins: (1) luminal calcium‐binding proteins (calsequestrin, histidine‐rich calcium‐binding protein, junctate, and sarcalumenin) for calcium storage; (2) SR calcium release channels (type 1 ryanodine receptor or RyR1 and IP 3 receptors) for calcium release; and (3) sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca 2+ ‐ATPase (SERCA) pumps for calcium reuptake. Proper calcium storage, release, and reuptake are essential for normal skeletal muscle function. We review SR structure and function during normal skeletal muscle activity, the proteins that orchestrate calcium storage, release, and reuptake, and how phenotypically distinct muscle diseases (e.g., malignant hyperthermia, central core disease, and Brody disease) can result from subtle alterations in the activity of several key components of the SR calcium‐regulatory machinery. Muscle Nerve, 2006