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Autonomic dysfunction in peripheral nerve disease
Author(s) -
Low Phillip A.,
Vernino Steven,
Suarez Guillermo
Publication year - 2003
Publication title -
muscle and nerve
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.025
H-Index - 145
eISSN - 1097-4598
pISSN - 0148-639X
DOI - 10.1002/mus.10333
Subject(s) - medicine , autonomic nervous system , autonomic neuropathy , dysautonomia , autonomic nerve , amyloidosis , autonomic ganglion , pathology , disease , neuroscience , biology , genetics , heart rate , blood pressure , cell culture , neuroblastoma
Autonomic neuropathies are inherited or acquired neuropathies in which autonomic nerve fibers are selectively or disproportionately affected. Generally, sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers are both affected but there are exceptions. Acquired cases can be autoimmune; due to diabetes, amyloidosis, drugs, or toxins; or idiopathic. Autoimmune autonomic neuropathy is often subacute, sometimes associated with a neoplasm, and associated with high titers of antibody to ganglionic nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in about half of the severe cases. The molecular basis of inherited autonomic neuropathies is better known, including recent identification of the loci and genes of hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies types I, III, and IV. The inherited amyloid neuropathies are due to mutations of three proteins: transthyretin, apolipoprotein A1, and gelsolin. Non‐invasive autonomic testing complements clinical and electrophysiological characterization of the autonomic neuropathies. Muscle Nerve 27: 646–661, 2003