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Super‐resolution head and neck MRA using deep machine learning
Author(s) -
Koktzoglou Ioannis,
Huang Rong,
Ankenbrandt William J.,
Walker Matthew T.,
Edelman Robert R.
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
magnetic resonance in medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.696
H-Index - 225
eISSN - 1522-2594
pISSN - 0740-3194
DOI - 10.1002/mrm.28738
Subject(s) - head and neck , nuclear medicine , image resolution , ground truth , image quality , similarity (geometry) , artificial intelligence , computer science , physics , biomedical engineering , medicine , image (mathematics) , surgery
Purpose To probe the feasibility of deep learning‐based super‐resolution (SR) reconstruction applied to nonenhanced MR angiography (MRA) of the head and neck. Methods High‐resolution 3D thin‐slab stack‐of‐stars quiescent interval slice‐selective (QISS) MRA of the head and neck was obtained in eight subjects (seven healthy volunteers, one patient) at 3T. The spatial resolution of high‐resolution ground‐truth MRA data in the slice‐encoding direction was reduced by factors of 2 to 6. Four deep neural network (DNN) SR reconstructions were applied, with two based on U‐Net architectures (2D and 3D) and two (2D and 3D) consisting of serial convolutions with a residual connection. SR images were compared to ground‐truth high‐resolution data using Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), structural similarity index measure (SSIM), arterial diameter, and arterial sharpness measurements. Image review of the optimal DNN SR reconstruction was done by two experienced neuroradiologists. Results DNN SR of up to twofold and fourfold lower‐resolution (LR) input volumes provided images that resembled those of the original high‐resolution ground‐truth volumes for intracranial and extracranial arterial segments, and improved DSC, SSIM, arterial diameters, and arterial sharpness relative to LR volumes ( P < .001). The 3D DNN SR outperformed 2D DNN SR reconstruction. According to two neuroradiologists, 3D DNN SR reconstruction consistently improved image quality with respect to LR input volumes ( P < .001). Conclusion DNN‐based SR reconstruction of 3D head and neck QISS MRA offers the potential for up to fourfold reduction in acquisition time for neck vessels without the need to commensurately sacrifice spatial resolution.