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Chemical exchange sensitive MRI of glucose uptake using xylose as a contrast agent
Author(s) -
Wang Jicheng,
Fukuda Mitsuhiro,
Chung Julius Juhyun,
Wang Ping,
Jin Tao
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
magnetic resonance in medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.696
H-Index - 225
eISSN - 1522-2594
pISSN - 0740-3194
DOI - 10.1002/mrm.28557
Subject(s) - xylose , chemistry , in vivo , biochemistry , microbiology and biotechnology , biology , fermentation
Purpose Glucose and its analogs can be detected by CEST and chemical exchange spin‐lock (CESL) MRI techniques, but sensitivity is still a bottleneck for human applications. Here, CESL and CEST sensitivity and the effect of injection on baseline physiology were evaluated for a glucose analog, xylose. Methods The CEST and CESL sensitivity were evaluated at 9.4 T in phantoms and by in vivo rat experiments with 0.5 and 1 g/kg xylose injections. Arterial blood glucose level was sampled before and after 1 g/kg xylose injection. The effect of injection on baseline neuronal activity was measured by electrophysiology data during injections of saline, xylose, and 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose. Results In phantoms, xylose shows similar chemical exchange sensitivity and pH‐dependence with that of glucose. In rat experiments with a bolus injection, CESL shows higher sensitivity in the detection of xylose than CEST, and the sensitivity of xylose is much higher than glucose. Injection of xylose does not significantly affect blood glucose level and baseline neural activity for 1‐g/kg and 0.6‐g/kg doses, respectively. Conclusion Due to its relatively high sensitivity and safety, xylose is a promising contrast agent for the study of glucose uptake.