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Microscopic susceptibility anisotropy imaging
Author(s) -
Kaden Enrico,
Gyori Noemi G.,
Rudrapatna S. Umesh,
Barskaya Irina Y.,
Dragonu Iulius,
Does Mark D.,
Jones Derek K.,
Clark Chris A.,
Alexander Daniel C.
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
magnetic resonance in medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.696
H-Index - 225
eISSN - 1522-2594
pISSN - 0740-3194
DOI - 10.1002/mrm.28303
Subject(s) - quantitative susceptibility mapping , magnetic susceptibility , anisotropy , nuclear magnetic resonance , orientation (vector space) , white matter , materials science , spin echo , magnetostatics , diffusion mri , magnetic field , anisotropic diffusion , magnetic resonance imaging , condensed matter physics , physics , optics , medicine , geometry , radiology , mathematics , quantum mechanics
Purpose The gradient‐echo MR signal in brain white matter depends on the orientation of the fibers with respect to the external magnetic field. To map microstructure‐specific magnetic susceptibility in orientationally heterogeneous material, it is thus imperative to regress out unwanted orientation effects. Methods This work introduces a novel framework, referred to as microscopic susceptibility anisotropy imaging, that disentangles the 2 principal effects conflated in gradient‐echo measurements, (a) the susceptibility properties of tissue microenvironments, especially the myelin microstructure, and (b) the axon orientation distribution relative to the magnetic field. Specifically, we utilize information about the orientational tissue structure inferred from diffusion MRI data to factor out the B 0 ‐direction dependence of the frequency difference signal. Results A human pilot study at 3 T demonstrates proxy maps of microscopic susceptibility anisotropy unconfounded by fiber crossings and orientation dispersion as well as magnetic field direction. The developed technique requires only a dual‐echo gradient‐echo scan acquired at 1 or 2 head orientations with respect to the magnetic field and a 2‐shell diffusion protocol achievable on standard scanners within practical scan times. Conclusions The quantitative recovery of microscopic susceptibility features in the presence of orientational heterogeneity potentially improves the assessment of microstructural tissue integrity.