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Dynamic diffusion‐weighted hyperpolarized 13 C imaging based on a slice‐selective double spin echo sequence for measurements of cellular transport
Author(s) -
Zhu Xucheng,
Gordon Jeremy W.,
Bok Robert A.,
Kurhanewicz John,
Larson Peder E.Z.
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
magnetic resonance in medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.696
H-Index - 225
eISSN - 1522-2594
pISSN - 0740-3194
DOI - 10.1002/mrm.27501
Subject(s) - pulse sequence , nuclear magnetic resonance , spin echo , sequence (biology) , imaging phantom , chemistry , pulse (music) , hyperpolarization (physics) , magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging , magnetic resonance imaging , materials science , nuclear medicine , nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy , physics , medicine , optics , biochemistry , detector , radiology
Purpose To develop a pulse sequence to dynamically measure the ADC of hyperpolarized substrates during their perfusion, metabolic conversion, and transport. Methods We proposed a slice‐selective double spin echo sequence for dynamic hyperpolarized 13 C diffusion‐weighted imaging. The proposed pulse sequence was optimized for a high field preclinical scanner through theoretical analysis and simulation. The performance of the method was compared to non‐slice‐selective double spin echo via in vivo studies. We also validated the sequence for dynamic ADC measurement in both phantom studies and transgenic mouse model of prostate cancer studies. Results The optimized pulse sequence outperforms the traditional sequence with smaller saturation effects on the magnetization of hyperpolarized compounds that allowed more dynamic imaging frames covering a longer imaging time window. In pre‐clinical studies ( N = 8), the dynamic hyperpolarized lactate ADC maps of 6 studies in the prostate tumors showed an increase measured ADC over time, which might be related to lactate efflux from the tumor cells. Conclusions The proposed sequence was validated and shown to improve dynamic diffusion weighted imaging compared to the traditional double spin echo sequence, providing ADC maps of lactate through time.