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Unveiling a hidden 31 P signal coresonating with extracellular inorganic phosphate by outer‐volume‐suppression and localized 31 P MRS in the human brain at 7T
Author(s) -
Ren Jimin,
Shang Ty,
Sherry A. Dean,
Malloy Craig R.
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
magnetic resonance in medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.696
H-Index - 225
eISSN - 1522-2594
pISSN - 0740-3194
DOI - 10.1002/mrm.27121
Subject(s) - extracellular , extracellular fluid , intracellular , chemistry , signal (programming language) , nuclear magnetic resonance , biochemistry , physics , computer science , programming language
Purpose The study was undertaken to demonstrate that there is more than 1 component in the extracellular P i 31 P signal ( P i ex) acquired from human head using nonlocalized 31 P MRS. Methods Outer‐volume‐suppression (OVS) saturation and 1D/2D 31 P CSI were utilized to reveal the presence of an additional component in theP i exsignal. Results 67% of the head extracellular P i signal was attenuated upon OVS saturation of the peripheral meningeal tissues, likely reflecting elimination of the P i signal in the meningeal fluids (the blood and CSF). Localized 1D/2D CSI data provided further support for this assignment. Upon correction for the meningeal contribution, the extracellular P i concentration was 0.51 ± 0.07 mM, whereas the intracellular P i was 0.85 ± 0.10 mM. The extracellular pH was measured as 7.32 ± 0.04 when using OVS, as compared to 7.39 ± 0.03 when measured without OVS (N = 7 subjects). Conclusion The extracellular P i signal acquired from the human head using nonlocalized 31 P MRS contains a significant component likely contributed by peripheral blood and CSF in meninges that must be removed in order to use this signal as an endogenous probe for measuring extracellular pH and other properties in the brain.