Premium
Transverse signal decay under the weak field approximation: Theory and validation
Author(s) -
Berman Avery J.L.,
Pike G. Bruce
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
magnetic resonance in medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.696
H-Index - 225
eISSN - 1522-2594
pISSN - 0740-3194
DOI - 10.1002/mrm.27035
Subject(s) - dephasing , free induction decay , transverse plane , nuclear magnetic resonance , chemistry , signal (programming language) , ex vivo , relaxometry , relaxation (psychology) , molecular physics , magnetic resonance imaging , atomic physics , physics , condensed matter physics , spin echo , medicine , psychology , social psychology , biochemistry , structural engineering , computer science , engineering , in vitro , radiology , programming language
Purpose To derive an expression for the transverse signal time course from systems in the motional narrowing regime, such as water diffusing in blood. This was validated in silico and experimentally with ex vivo blood samples. Methods A closed‐form solution (CFS) for transverse signal decay under any train of refocusing pulses was derived using the weak field approximation. The CFS was validated via simulations of water molecules diffusing in the presence of spherical perturbers, with a range of sizes and under various pulse sequences. The CFS was compared with more conventional fits assuming monoexponential decay, including chemical exchange, using ex vivo blood Carr‐Purcell‐Meiboom‐Gill data. Results From simulations, the CFS was shown to be valid in the motional narrowing regime and partially into the intermediate dephasing regime, with increased accuracy with increasing Carr‐Purcell‐Meiboom‐Gill refocusing rate. In theoretical calculations of the CFS, fitting for the transverse relaxation rate (R 2 ) gave excellent agreement with the weak field approximation expression for R 2 for Carr‐Purcell‐Meiboom‐Gill sequences, but diverged for free induction decay. These same results were confirmed in the ex vivo analysis. Conclusion Transverse signal decay in the motional narrowing regime can be accurately described analytically. This theory has applications in areas such as tissue iron imaging, relaxometry of blood, and contrast agent imaging. Magn Reson Med 80:341–350, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.