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Spectrally selective three‐dimensional dynamic balanced steady‐state free precession for hyperpolarized C ‐13 metabolic imaging with spectrally selective radiofrequency pulses
Author(s) -
Shang Hong,
Sukumar Subramaniam,
Morze Cornelius,
Bok Robert A.,
MarcoRius Irene,
Kerr Adam,
Reed Galen D.,
Milshteyn Eugene,
Ohliger Michael A.,
Kurhanewicz John,
Larson Peder E.Z.,
Pauly John M.,
Vigneron Daniel B.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
magnetic resonance in medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.696
H-Index - 225
eISSN - 1522-2594
pISSN - 0740-3194
DOI - 10.1002/mrm.26480
Subject(s) - imaging phantom , pulse sequence , nuclear magnetic resonance , context (archaeology) , magnetic resonance imaging , materials science , chemistry , physics , optics , medicine , paleontology , radiology , biology
Purpose Balanced steady‐state free precession (bSSFP) sequences can provide superior signal‐to‐noise ratio efficiency for hyperpolarized (HP) carbon‐13 ( 13 C) magnetic resonance imaging by efficiently utilizing the nonrecoverable magnetization, but managing their spectral response is challenging in the context of metabolic imaging. A new spectrally selective bSSFP sequence was developed for fast imaging of multiple HP 13 C metabolites with high spatiotemporal resolution. Theory and Methods This novel approach for bSSFP spectral selectivity incorporates optimized short‐duration spectrally selective radiofrequency pulses within a bSSFP pulse train and a carefully chosen repetition time to avoid banding artifacts. Results The sequence enabled subsecond 3D dynamic spectrally selective imaging of 13 C metabolites of copolarized [1‐ 13 C]pyruvate and [ 13 C]urea at 2‐mm isotropic resolution, with excellent spectral selectivity (∼100:1). The sequence was successfully tested in phantom studies and in vivo studies with normal mice. Conclusion This sequence is expected to benefit applications requiring dynamic volumetric imaging of metabolically active 13 C compounds at high spatiotemporal resolution, including preclinical studies at high field and, potentially, clinical studies. Magn Reson Med 78:963–975, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.