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Detection of cerebral NAD + in humans at 7T
Author(s) -
Graaf Robin A.,
Feyter Henk M.,
Brown Peter B.,
Nixon Terence W.,
Rothman Douglas L.,
Behar Kevin L.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
magnetic resonance in medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.696
H-Index - 225
eISSN - 1522-2594
pISSN - 0740-3194
DOI - 10.1002/mrm.26465
Subject(s) - nad+ kinase , nuclear magnetic resonance , neuroscience , chemistry , physics , psychology , enzyme
Purpose To develop 1 H‐based MR detection of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + ) in the human brain at 7T and validate the 1 H results with NAD + detection based on 31 P‐MRS. Methods 1 H‐MR detection of NAD + was achieved with a one‐dimensional double‐spin‐echo method on a slice parallel to the surface coil transceiver. Perturbation of the water resonance was avoided through the use of frequency‐selective excitation. 31 P‐MR detection of NAD + was performed with an unlocalized pulse‐acquire sequence. Results Both 1 H‐ and 31 P‐MRS allowed the detection of NAD + signals on every subject in 16 min. Spectral fitting provided an NAD + concentration of 107 ± 28 μM for 1 H‐MRS and 367 ± 78 μM and 312 ± 65 μM for 31 P‐MRS when uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG) was excluded and included, respectively, as an overlapping signal. Conclusions NAD + detection by 1 H‐MRS is a simple method that comes at the price of reduced NMR visibility. NAD + detection by 31 P‐MRS has near‐complete NMR visibility, but it is complicated by spectral overlap with NADH and UDPG. Overall, the 1 H‐ and 31 P‐MR methods both provide exciting opportunities to study NAD + metabolism on human brain in vivo. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. Magn Reson Med 78:828–835, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.