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Combined geometric and algebraic solutions for removal of bSSFP banding artifacts with performance comparisons
Author(s) -
Hoff Michael N.,
Andre Jalal B.,
Xiang QingSan
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
magnetic resonance in medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.696
H-Index - 225
eISSN - 1522-2594
pISSN - 0740-3194
DOI - 10.1002/mrm.26150
Subject(s) - imaging phantom , computer science , magnetic resonance imaging , algorithm , signal (programming language) , noise (video) , range (aeronautics) , algebraic number , variance (accounting) , demodulation , image (mathematics) , mathematics , artificial intelligence , physics , materials science , optics , mathematical analysis , medicine , computer network , channel (broadcasting) , accounting , composite material , business , radiology , programming language
Purpose Balanced steady state free precession (bSSFP) imaging suffers from off‐resonance artifacts such as signal modulation and banding. Solutions for removal of bSSFP off‐resonance dependence are described and compared, and an optimal solution is proposed. Theory and Methods An Algebraic Solution (AS) that complements a previously described Geometric Solution (GS) is derived from four phase‐cycled bSSFP datasets. A composite Geometric‐Algebraic Solution (GAS) is formed from a noise‐variance‐weighted average of the AS and GS images. Two simulations test the solutions over a range of parameters, and phantom and in vivo experiments are implemented. Image quality and performance of the GS, AS, and GAS are compared with the complex sum and a numerical parameter estimation algorithm. Results The parameter estimation algorithm, GS, AS, and GAS remove most banding and signal modulation in bSSFP imaging. The variable performance of the GS and AS on noisy data justifies generation of the GAS, which consistently provides the highest performance. Conclusion The GAS is a robust technique for bSSFP signal demodulation that balances the regional efficacy of the GS and AS to remove banding, a feat not possible with prevalent techniques. Magn Reson Med 77:644–654, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine