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Recommended implementation of arterial spin‐labeled perfusion MRI for clinical applications: A consensus of the ISMRM perfusion study group and the European consortium for ASL in dementia
Author(s) -
Alsop David C.,
Detre John A.,
Golay Xavier,
Günther Matthias,
Hendrikse Jeroen,
HernandezGarcia Luis,
Lu Hanzhang,
MacIntosh Bradley J.,
Parkes Laura M.,
Smits Marion,
Osch Matthias J. P.,
Wang Danny J. J.,
Wong Eric C.,
Zaharchuk Greg
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
magnetic resonance in medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.696
H-Index - 225
eISSN - 1522-2594
pISSN - 0740-3194
DOI - 10.1002/mrm.25607
Subject(s) - arterial spin labeling , medicine , cerebral blood flow , perfusion , protocol (science) , statement (logic) , implementation , cerebral perfusion pressure , medical physics , computer science , radiology , pathology , cardiology , software engineering , alternative medicine , political science , law
This review provides a summary statement of recommended implementations of arterial spin labeling (ASL) for clinical applications. It is a consensus of the ISMRM Perfusion Study Group and the European ASL in Dementia consortium, both of whom met to reach this consensus in October 2012 in Amsterdam. Although ASL continues to undergo rapid technical development, we believe that current ASL methods are robust and ready to provide useful clinical information, and that a consensus statement on recommended implementations will help the clinical community to adopt a standardized approach. In this review, we describe the major considerations and trade‐offs in implementing an ASL protocol and provide specific recommendations for a standard approach. Our conclusion is that as an optimal default implementation, we recommend pseudo‐continuous labeling, background suppression, a segmented three‐dimensional readout without vascular crushing gradients, and calculation and presentation of both label/control difference images and cerebral blood flow in absolute units using a simplified model. Magn Reson Med 73:102–116, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.