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Biodegradable, polymer encapsulated, metal oxide particles for MRI‐based cell tracking
Author(s) -
Shapiro Erik M.
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
magnetic resonance in medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.696
H-Index - 225
eISSN - 1522-2594
pISSN - 0740-3194
DOI - 10.1002/mrm.25263
Subject(s) - nanoparticle , materials science , oxide , polymer , nanocrystal , nanotechnology , iron oxide nanoparticles , iron oxide , metal , magnetic nanoparticles , composite material , metallurgy
Metallic particles have shaped the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for molecular and cellular imaging. Although these particles have generally been developed for extracellular residence, either as blood pool contrast agents or targeted contrast agents, the coopted use of these particles for intracellular labeling has grown over the last 20 years. Coincident with this growth has been the development of metal oxide particles specifically intended for intracellular residence, and innovations in the nature of the metallic core. One promising nanoparticle construct for MRI‐based cell tracking is polymer encapsulated metal oxide nanoparticles. Rather than a polymer coated metal oxide nanocrystal of the core: shell type, polymer encapsulated metal oxide nanoparticles cluster many nanocrystals within a polymer matrix. This nanoparticle composite more efficiently packages inorganic nanocrystals, affording the ability to label cells with more inorganic material. Further, for magnetic nanocrystals, the clustering of multiple magnetic nanocrystals within a single nanoparticle enhances r 2 andr 2 *relaxivity. Methods for fabricating polymer encapsulated metal oxide nanoparticles are facile, yielding both varied compositions and synthetic approaches. This review presents a brief history into the use of metal oxide particles for MRI‐based cell tracking and details the development and use of biodegradable, polymer encapsulated, metal oxide nanoparticles and microparticles for MRI‐based cell tracking. Magn Reson Med 73:376–389, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.