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In vivo three‐dimensional high resolution cardiac diffusion‐weighted MRI: A motion compensated diffusion‐prepared balanced steady‐state free precession approach
Author(s) -
Nguyen Christopher,
Fan Zhaoyang,
Sharif Behzad,
He Yi,
Dharmakumar Rohan,
Berman Daniel S.,
Li Debiao
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
magnetic resonance in medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.696
H-Index - 225
eISSN - 1522-2594
pISSN - 0740-3194
DOI - 10.1002/mrm.25038
Subject(s) - diffusion , diffusion mri , nuclear magnetic resonance , precession , computer science , biomedical engineering , effective diffusion coefficient , steady state (chemistry) , materials science , in vivo , magnetic resonance imaging , physics , chemistry , nuclear medicine , medicine , radiology , astronomy , thermodynamics , microbiology and biotechnology , biology
Purpose The aim of this study was to implement and optimize a novel application of diffusion‐prepared balanced steady‐state free precession (bSSFP) to perform in vivo cardiac diffusion‐weighted MRI. Theory and Methods Diffusion‐prepared sequences have the flexibility to diffusion encode with a multi‐shot image readout. The diffusion preparation was optimized to reduce sensitivity to cardiac bulk motion with second order motion compensation (M1M2). The image readout consisted of a three‐dimensional (3D) centric‐encoded segmented bSSFP acquisition that incorporated a prospective navigator. Ten healthy subjects were scanned twice using the proposed technique diffusion preparation with and without M1M2 using three orthogonal directions under varying off‐resonance conditions. Trace apparent diffusion coefficient (trADC) maps and the left ventricular (LV) trADC were calculated. Results M1M2 diffusion‐prepared scans resulted in LV trADC values of 1.5 ± 0.4 × 10 −3 mm 2 /s that were reproducible yielding no statistical differences ( P = 0.54). M1M2 diffusion‐prepared images showed no ghosting artifacts and/or signal fallout. The non–motion‐compensated diffusion‐prepared scans yielded LV trADC values of 6.6 ± 0.9 × 10 −3 mm 2 /s and diffusion‐prepared images with severe bulk motion‐induced artifacts. Conclusion We developed a novel free‐breathing bulk motion compensated diffusion‐prepared 3D segmented bSSFP technique able to perform in vivo cardiac diffusion‐weighted MRI on a conventional clinical MR scanner. Magn Reson Med 72:1257–1267, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.