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Improved respiratory efficiency of 3D late gadolinium enhancement imaging using the continuously adaptive windowing strategy (CLAWS)
Author(s) -
Keegan Jennifer,
Jhooti Permi,
BabuNarayan Sonya V,
Drivas Peter,
Ernst Sabine,
Firmin David N.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
magnetic resonance in medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.696
H-Index - 225
eISSN - 1522-2594
pISSN - 0740-3194
DOI - 10.1002/mrm.24758
Subject(s) - gadolinium , claw , respiratory system , magnetic resonance imaging , computer science , biomedical engineering , medicine , radiology , nuclear medicine , materials science , biology , metallurgy , ecology
Purpose Acquisition durations of navigator‐gated high‐resolution three‐dimensional late gadolinium enhancement studies may typically be up to 10 min, depending on the respiratory efficiency and heart rate. Implementation of the continuously adaptive windowing strategy (CLAWS) could increase respiratory efficiency, but the resulting non‐smooth k‐space acquisition order during gadolinium wash‐out could result in increased artifact. Methods Navigator‐gated three‐dimensional late gadolinium enhancement acquisitions were performed in 18 patients using tracking end‐expiratory accept/reject (EE‐ARA) and CLAWS algorithms in random order. Results Retrospective analysis of the stored navigator data shows that CLAWS scan times are very close to (within 1%) or equal to the fastest achievable scan times while EE‐ARA significantly extends the acquisition duration ( P < 0.0001). EE‐ARA acquisitions are 26% longer than CLAWS acquisitions (378 ± 104 s compared to 301 ± 85 s, P = 0.002). Image quality scores for CLAWS and EE‐ARA acquisitions are not significantly different (4.1 ± 0.6 compared to 4.3 ± 0.6, P = ns). Numerical phantom simulations show that the non‐uniform k‐space ordering introduced by CLAWS results in slight, but not statistically significant, reductions in both blood signal‐to‐noise ratio (10%) and blood‐myocardium contrast‐to‐noise ratio (12%). Conclusions CLAWS results in markedly reduced acquisition durations compared to EE‐ARA without significant detriment to the image quality. Magn Reson Med 71:1064–1074, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc .