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ESPIRiT—an eigenvalue approach to autocalibrating parallel MRI: Where SENSE meets GRAPPA
Author(s) -
Uecker Martin,
Lai Peng,
Murphy Mark J.,
Virtue Patrick,
Elad Michael,
Pauly John M.,
Vasanawala Shreyas S.,
Lustig Michael
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
magnetic resonance in medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.696
H-Index - 225
eISSN - 1522-2594
pISSN - 0740-3194
DOI - 10.1002/mrm.24751
Subject(s) - subspace topology , eigenvalues and eigenvectors , robustness (evolution) , computer science , sensitivity (control systems) , algorithm
Purpose Parallel imaging allows the reconstruction of images from undersampled multicoil data. The two main approaches are: SENSE, which explicitly uses coil sensitivities, and GRAPPA, which makes use of learned correlations in k‐space. The purpose of this work is to clarify their relationship and to develop and evaluate an improved algorithm. Theory and Methods A theoretical analysis shows: (1) The correlations in k‐space are encoded in the null space of a calibration matrix. (2) Both approaches restrict the solution to a subspace spanned by the sensitivities. (3) The sensitivities appear as the main eigenvector of a reconstruction operator computed from the null space. The basic assumptions and the quality of the sensitivity maps are evaluated in experimental examples. The appearance of additional eigenvectors motivates an extended SENSE reconstruction with multiple maps, which is compared to existing methods. Results The existence of a null space and the high quality of the extracted sensitivities are confirmed. The extended reconstruction combines all advantages of SENSE with robustness to certain errors similar to GRAPPA. Conclusion In this article the gap between both approaches is finally bridged. A new autocalibration technique combines the benefits of both. Magn Reson Med 71:990–1001, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.