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Voltage‐based device tracking in a 1.5 tesla MRI during imaging: initial validation in swine models
Author(s) -
Schmidt Ehud J.,
Tse Zion T. H.,
Reichlin Tobias R.,
Michaud Gregory F.,
Watkins Ronald D.,
ButtsPauly Kim,
Kwong Raymond Y.,
Stevenson William,
Schweitzer Jeffrey,
Byrd Israel,
Dumoulin Charles L.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
magnetic resonance in medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.696
H-Index - 225
eISSN - 1522-2594
pISSN - 0740-3194
DOI - 10.1002/mrm.24742
Subject(s) - scanner , real time mri , intracardiac injection , medicine , ultrasound , magnetic resonance imaging , interventional magnetic resonance imaging , biomedical engineering , computer science , radiology , artificial intelligence , surgery
Purpose Voltage‐based device‐tracking (VDT) systems are commonly used for tracking invasive devices in electrophysiological cardiac‐arrhythmia therapy. During electrophysiological procedures, electro‐anatomic mapping workstations provide guidance by integrating VDT location and intracardiac electrocardiogram information with X‐ray, computerized tomography, ultrasound, and MR images. MR assists navigation, mapping, and radiofrequency ablation. Multimodality interventions require multiple patient transfers between an MRI and the X‐ray/ultrasound electrophysiological suite, increasing the likelihood of patient‐motion and image misregistration. An MRI‐compatible VDT system may increase efficiency, as there is currently no single method to track devices both inside and outside the MRI scanner. Methods An MRI‐compatible VDT system was constructed by modifying a commercial system. Hardware was added to reduce MRI gradient‐ramp and radiofrequency unblanking pulse interference. VDT patches and cables were modified to reduce heating. Five swine cardiac VDT electro‐anatomic mapping interventions were performed, navigating inside and thereafter outside the MRI. Results Three‐catheter VDT interventions were performed at >12 frames per second both inside and outside the MRI scanner with <3 mm error. Catheters were followed on VDT‐ and MRI‐derived maps. Simultaneous VDT and imaging was possible in repetition time >32 ms sequences with <0.5 mm errors, and <5% MRI signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) loss. At shorter repetition times, only intracardiac electrocardiogram was reliable. Radiofrequency heating was <1.5°C. Conclusion An MRI‐compatible VDT system is feasible. Magn Reson Med 71:1197–1209, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.