Premium
Method for high‐resolution imaging of creatine in vivo using chemical exchange saturation transfer
Author(s) -
Kogan Feliks,
Haris Mohammad,
Singh Anup,
Cai Kejia,
Debrosse Catherine,
Nanga Ravi Prakash Reddy,
Hariharan Hari,
Reddy Ravinder
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
magnetic resonance in medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.696
H-Index - 225
eISSN - 1522-2594
pISSN - 0740-3194
DOI - 10.1002/mrm.24641
Subject(s) - creatine , nuclear magnetic resonance , saturation (graph theory) , in vivo , resolution (logic) , chemistry , high resolution , biomedical engineering , nuclear medicine , medicine , computer science , physics , biochemistry , mathematics , biology , remote sensing , artificial intelligence , geology , microbiology and biotechnology , combinatorics
Purpose To develop a chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST)‐based technique to measure free creatine (Cr) and to validate the technique by measuring the distribution of Cr in muscle with high spatial resolution before and after exercise. Methods Phantom studies were performed to determine contributions from other Cr kinase metabolites to the CEST effect from Cr (CrCEST). CEST, T 2 , magnetization transfer ratio and 31 P magnetic resonance spectroscopy acquisitions of the lower leg were performed before and after plantar flexion exercise on a 7T whole‐body magnetic resonance scanner on healthy volunteers. Results Phantom studies demonstrated that while Cr exhibited significant CEST effect there were no appreciable contributions from other metabolites. In healthy human subjects, following mild plantar flexion exercise, increases in the CEST effect from Cr were observed, which recovered exponentially back to baseline. This technique exhibited good spatial resolution and was able to differentiate differences in muscle utilization among subjects. The CEST effect from Cr results were compared with 31 P magnetic resonance spectroscopy results showing good agreement in the Cr and phosphocreatine recovery kinetics. Conclusion Demonstrated a CEST‐based technique to measure free Cr changes in in vivo muscle. The CEST effect from Cr imaging can spatially map changes in Cr concentration in muscle following mild exercise. This may serve as a tool for the diagnosis and treatment of various disorders affecting muscle. Magn Reson Med 71:164–172, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.