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Arrhythmia insensitive rapid cardiac T 1 mapping pulse sequence
Author(s) -
Fitts Michelle,
Breton Elodie,
Kholmovski Eugene G.,
Dosdall Derek J.,
Vijayakumar Sathya,
Hong Kyung P.,
Ranjan Ravi,
Marrouche Nassir F.,
Axel Leon,
Kim Daniel
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
magnetic resonance in medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.696
H-Index - 225
eISSN - 1522-2594
pISSN - 0740-3194
DOI - 10.1002/mrm.24586
Subject(s) - pulse sequence , pulse (music) , cardiac arrhythmia , imaging phantom , heart rate , flip angle , medicine , nuclear medicine , nuclear magnetic resonance , biomedical engineering , cardiology , physics , atrial fibrillation , magnetic resonance imaging , radiology , optics , blood pressure , detector
Purpose To develop an arrhythmia‐insensitive rapid (AIR) cardiac T 1 mapping pulse sequence for quantification of diffuse fibrosis. Methods An arrhythmia‐insensitive cardiac T 1 mapping pulse sequence was developed based on saturation recovery T 1 weighting, which is inherently insensitive to heart rate and rhythm, and two single‐shot balanced steady‐state free precession image acquisitions with centric k‐space ordering, where T 1 calculation is inherently insensitive to T 2 effects. Its performance against conventional cardiac T 1 mapping based on inversion recovery (i.e., MOLLI) is compared. Phantom experiments ( T 1 ranging from 535 to 2123 ms) were performed with heart rate and rhythm simulated at 60 and 120 beats per minute (bpm) and arrhythmia using an external triggering device. Ten human subjects and 17 large animals were scanned precontrast and 5, 10, and 15 min after contrast agent administration. Results Compared with the reference T 1 mapping, AIR yielded lower normalized root‐mean‐square error than MOLLI (8% vs. 3%, respectively, at 60 bpm, 28% vs. 3%, respectively, at 120 bpm, and 22% vs. 3%, respectively, at arrhythmia). In vivo studies showed that T 1 measurements made by MOLLI and AIR were strongly correlated ( r = 0.99) but in poor agreement (mean difference = 161.8 ms, upper and lower 95% limits of agreements = 347.5 ms and −24.0 ms). Conclusion Our AIR pulse sequence may be clinically useful for assessment of diffuse myocardial fibrosis in patients. Magn Reson Med 70:1274–1282, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.