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Integrated active tracking detector for MRI‐guided interventions
Author(s) -
Anders Jens,
SanGiorgio Paul,
Deligianni Xeni,
Santini Francesco,
Scheffler Klaus,
Boero Giovanni
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
magnetic resonance in medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.696
H-Index - 225
eISSN - 1522-2594
pISSN - 0740-3194
DOI - 10.1002/mrm.23112
Subject(s) - detector , microsystem , scanner , chip , materials science , signal (programming language) , capacitor , phase locked loop , electromagnetic coil , radio frequency , direct conversion receiver , physics , computer science , optics , electrical engineering , voltage , engineering , phase noise , telecommunications , nanotechnology , programming language
We present a fully integrated detector suitable for active tracking of interventional devices in MR‐guided interventions. The single‐chip microsystem consists of a detection coil, a tuning capacitor, an intermediate frequency downconversion receiver, and a phase‐locked‐loop‐based frequency synthesizer. Thanks to the integrated mixer, the chip output stage delivers an analog frequency‐downconverted NMR signal in the frequency range from 0 to 200 kHz. The microchip, realized in a standard complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology, has a size of 1 × 2 × 0.74 mm 3 and operates at a frequency of 63 MHz (i.e., in 1.5 T clinical scanners). Tests in a standard clinical scanner demonstrate the compatibility of the complementary metal oxide semiconductor microchip with clinical MRI systems. Using a solid sample of cis ‐polyisoprene having a size of 1 × 1.9 × 0.8 mm 3 as internal signal source, the detector achieves a three‐dimensional isotropic spatial resolution of 0.15 mm in a measuring time of 100 ms. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.