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Diffusion‐weighted hyperpolarized 129 Xe MRI in healthy volunteers and subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Author(s) -
Kaushik S. Sivaram,
Cleveland Zackary I.,
Cofer Gary P.,
Metz Gregory,
Beaver Denise,
Nouls John,
Kraft Monica,
Auffermann William,
Wolber Jan,
McAdams H. Page,
Driehuys Bastiaan
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
magnetic resonance in medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.696
H-Index - 225
eISSN - 1522-2594
pISSN - 0740-3194
DOI - 10.1002/mrm.22697
Subject(s) - pulmonary disease , medicine , diffusion , nuclear magnetic resonance , cardiology , diffusion mri , nuclear medicine , magnetic resonance imaging , radiology , physics , thermodynamics
Given its greater availability and lower cost, 129 Xe apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) MRI offers an alternative to 3 He ADC MRI. To demonstrate the feasibility of hyperpolarized 129 Xe ADC MRI, we present results from healthy volunteers (HV), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) subjects, and age‐matched healthy controls (AMC). The mean parenchymal ADC was 0.036 ± 0.003 cm 2 sec −1 for HV, 0.043 ± 0.006 cm 2 sec −1 for AMC, and 0.056 ± 0.008 cm 2 sec −1 for COPD subjects with emphysema. In healthy individuals, but not the COPD group, ADC decreased significantly in the anterior–posterior direction by ∼22% ( P = 0.006, AMC; 0.0059, HV), likely because of gravity‐induced tissue compression. The COPD group exhibited a significantly larger superior–inferior ADC reduction (∼28%) than the healthy groups (∼24%) ( P = 0.00018, HV; P = 3.45 × 10 −5 , AMC), consistent with smoking‐related tissue destruction in the superior lung. Superior–inferior gradients in healthy subjects may result from regional differences in xenon concentration. ADC was significantly correlated with pulmonary function tests (forced expiratory volume in 1 sec, r = −0.77, P = 0.0002; forced expiratory volume in 1 sec/forced vital capacity, r = −0.77, P = 0.0002; diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide in the lung/alveolar volume ( V A ), r = −0.77, P = 0.0002). In healthy groups, ADC increased with age by 0.0002 cm 2 sec −1 year −1 ( r = 0.56, P = 0.02). This study shows that 129 Xe ADC MRI is clinically feasible, sufficiently sensitive to distinguish HV from subjects with emphysema, and detects age‐ and posture‐dependent changes. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.