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Realistic simulation of cardiac magnetic resonance studies modeling anatomical variability, trabeculae, and papillary muscles
Author(s) -
TobonGomez C.,
Sukno F. M.,
Bijnens B. H.,
Huguet M.,
Frangi A. F.
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
magnetic resonance in medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.696
H-Index - 225
eISSN - 1522-2594
pISSN - 0740-3194
DOI - 10.1002/mrm.22621
Subject(s) - imaging phantom , magnetic resonance imaging , histogram , voxel , metric (unit) , computer science , artificial intelligence , nuclear medicine , biomedical engineering , medicine , radiology , operations management , economics , image (mathematics)
Simulated magnetic resonance imaging brain studies have been generated for over a decade. Despite their useful potential, simulated cardiac studies are only emerging. This article focuses on the realistic simulation of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging datasets. The methodology is based on the XCAT phantom, which is modified to increase realism of the simulated images. Modifications include the modeling of trabeculae and papillary muscles based on clinical measurements and published data. To develop and evaluate our approach, the clinical database included 40 patients for anatomical measurements, 10 patients for papillary muscle modeling, and 10 patients for local gray value statistics. The virtual database consisted of 40 digital voxel phantoms. Histograms from different tissues were obtained from the real datasets and compared with histograms of the simulated datasets with the Chi‐square dissimilarity metric (χ 2 ) and Kullback‐Leibler divergence. For the original phantom, χ 2 values averaged 0.65 ± 0.06 and Kullboek‐Leibler values averaged 0.69 ± 0.38. For the modified phantom, χ 2 values averaged 0.34 ± 0.12 and Kullboek‐Leibler values averaged 0.32 ± 0.15. The proposed approach demonstrated a noticeable improvement of the local appearance of the simulated images with respect to the ones obtained originally. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.